Hip bone

It is a irregular bone present in the hip region of the body which is expanded above and below but constricted in the middle.

Articulations - Hip joint and pubic symphysis.

There are three parts of hip bone named ilium which is present superiorly, ischium present posteroinferiorly and at last pubis which is present antero inferiorly.

ANATOMICAL POSITION

1. Pubis should faces forewards and medially above obturator foramen. 

2. pubic tubercle and anterior iliac spne in same plane.

3. symphyseal surface of pubis lies medially.

4. ilium is expanded and projects upwards.

SIDE DETERMINATION

1. Acetabulum lies laterally and ilium lies above acetabulum.

2. Direction of acetabulm will determine the side.

ILIUM

~ Upper part of hip bone.

~ 2/5th part of acetabulum is formed by ilium.

~ Flat and expanded portion above acetabulum cavity.

 ~ Upper end expanded and known as iliac crest.

~ Lower end is smaller and fused with pubis and ischium and has iliac tuberosity.

~ Three borders named anterior, posterior and medial border is present in ilium.

~ Along with three borders, three surfaces are also present known as gluteal, iliac fossa and sacropelvic.

Note :- Sacropelvic surface has iliac tuberosity.

ATTACHMENTS 

1. MUSCLES

a. Sartorius

b. Fascia lata

c. Tensor fascia lata

d. External oblique abdominis (insertion).

e. Lattisimus dorsi

f. Transversus abdominis

g. Quadratus lamborum

h. Lumbar fascia

i. Internal oblique abdominis

j. Gluteal maximus

k. Erector spinae

l. Piriformis

m. Psoas minor (insertion)

n. Gluteal medius

o. Gluteal minimus

p. Rectus femoris

q. Iliacus

r. Pre auricular sulcus

s. Obturator internus

2. LIGAMENTS

a. Inguinal ligament

b. Dorsal sacro iliac ligament

c. Ilio femoral ligament

d. Sacro tuberous ligament

e. Ventral sacro iliac ligament

f. Ilio lumbar ligament

g. Interosseous sacro iliac ligament

CAPSULE

a. Articular capsule of hip joint

ISCHIUM

Forms the lower and posterior part of hip bone and contribute to form a posterior 2/5th of the articular surface of acetabulum.

 

Parts - 

1. Body.

~ Has two ends which is upper and lower end.

~ Has three surfaces known as femoral, dorsal and pelvic surfaces

~ Has three borders anterior, lateral and posterior borders

Note - Dorsal surface gas ischial tuberosity and posterior border has ischial spine and lesser sciatic notch.

2. Ramus of ischium.

a. Two borders named upper and lower          borders.

b. Two surfaces named anterior and                posterior surfaces.

 

Note - Posterior surface js divided into pelvix and perineal area.

ATTACHMENTS

A. MUSCLES

1. Obturator externus

2. Quadratus femoris

3. Semi membranosus

4. Biceps femoris

5. Semi tendinosus

6. Adductor magnus

7. Obturator internus

8. Levator ani

9. Coccygeus

10. Gemellus superior

11. Gemellus inferior 

12. Obturator membrane

13. Fascia lata

14. Membranous layer of superficial                   fascia of perineum.

15. Gracilis

16. Adductor brevis

17. Adductor magnus

18. Obturator externus

19. Sphincter urethra

20. Transverse perinei profundus

21. Ischiocavernosus

22. Transverse perinei superficial

B. LIGAMENTS

1. Sacrospinous

PUBIS

~ Forms anterior part of hip bone and articulates with the opposite bone forming a secondary cartilagenous joint called pubic symphysis.

~ Forms upper and anterior 1/5th of articular surface of acetabulum.

PARTS - 

1. Body - 

a. Three surfaces - 

    Anterior, posterior/pelvic and                        symphyseal.

b. One border - 

      Pubic crest

Note - Pubic tubercle is present in pubic crest.

2. Superior ramus

a. Three surfaces -

     Pectineal, pelvic and obturator surface

b. Three borders -

    Obturator crest, pectineal line and                 inferior border

3. Inferior ramus

a. Two surface - 

    Anterior and posterior 

b. Two borders -

     Medial and lateral

ATTACHMENTS

A. Muscles

1. Adductor longus

2. Gracilis

3. Adductor brevis 

4. Obturator externus

5. Levator ani

6. Pelvic fascia

7. Obturator internus

8. Cremaster

9. Rectus fascia sheath

10. Rectus abdominis

11. Pyramidalis

12. Conjoined tendon (tendon)

13. Fascia tranversalis

14. Iliacus

15. Pectineal fascia

16. Pectineus

17. Adductor magnus

18. Fascia lata

19. Fascia of colle's

20. Obturator membrane 

21. Urogenital diaphragm

22. Perineal membrane 

23. Sphincter urethrae

B. Ligaments

1. Anterior pubic ligament.

2. Medial pubi prostatic ligament.

3. Inguinal ligament

4. Pubo femoral ligament.

5. Lacunar ligament.

6. Perineal ligament.

CLINICAL ANATOMY

1. Iliac crest is used for taking bone                 marrow biopsy in anaemia or 

     leukaemia cases.

2. Weaver's bottom -

    Person sitting for a long period of time        may get inflammation of their iscial            tuberosity.

RELATIONS 

1. Obturator nerve.

2. Medial and lateral circumflex femoral          arteries.

3. Obturator artery.