SIDE DETERMINATION
1. Upper end bears a rounded head where as lower end js widely expanded to
form two large condyles.
2. Head is directed medially.
3. Cylindrical shaft us convex forewards.
ANATOMICAL POSITION
1. Head is directed medially upwards and slightly forewards.
2. The shaft is directed obliquely downwards and medially so that the lower surfaces of two condyles of femur lie in the same horizantal plane.
PARTS
1. Upper end
a. Head
b. Neck - makes an angle if 145° in adult with the shaft.
Note - Neck has two borders and two surfaces named, upper and lower border and anterior and posterior surface.
Angle of femoral torsion or angle of anteversion is formed between the transverse axis of the upper and lower end of femur. It is about 15°.
2. Shaft
- It is convex foreward.
- Middle one - third of shaft has medial, lateral and posterior border and anterior, medial and lateral border.
- Upper one third has
4 borders - medial, lateral, spiral line and lateral hip of the gluteal tuberosity.
4 surfaces - anterior, medial, lateral and posterior.
- Lower one - third of shaft has 4 borders named medial, lateral, medial supracondylarline and lateral supra condylar line.
3. Lower end
Have two condyles named lateral and medial condyle and intercondylar notch is present between two condyles.
Articular surface -
Two condyles articulates with patella and parts.
ATTACHMENTS
a. Muscles.
Insertion muscles.
1. Piriformis
2. Gluteus minimus
3. Obturator internus
4. Obturator externus
5. Gluteus medius
6. Psoas major
7. Iliacus
8. Adductor magnus
9. Ouadratus femoris
10. Gluteus maximus
11. Adductor longus
12. Adductor brevis
13. Pectineus
14. Two gemelli
15. Ischial head of adductor magnus
Origin muscles
1. Medial head of gastrocnemius
2. Vastus intermedius
3. Articularis genu
4. Vastus lateralis
5. Vastus medialis
6. Biceps femoris
7. Plantaris
8. Lateral head of gastrocnemius
9. Popliteus
b. Ligaments
1. Round ligament
2. Capsular ligament
3. Iliofemoral ligament(upper band)
4. Iliofemoral ligament(lower band)
5. Medial and lateral intermuscular septa
6. Fibular collateral ligament
7. Tobial collateral ligament
8. Anterior cruciate ligament
9. Posterior cruciate ligament
10. Oblique popliteal ligament
REALTIONS
1. Nerves
a. Femoral nerve
b. Sciatic nerve
2. Blood supply
a. Lateral epiphyseal branch of medial femoral circumflex artery.
b. Obturator artery.
CLINICAL ANATOMY
- Tripping over minor obstructions causing forced medial rotation of the thigh and leg during the fall results in :-
1. Fracture in shaft of femur.
2. Bucket handle tear of medial meniscus.
3. Pott's fracture of leg bones.
4. Fracture in neck of femur which can leads to avascular necrosis of head.
Note : - If Q angle is increased then there maybe lateral and subluxation if patella.
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