Saturday, June 18, 2022

Shoulder joint

It is a ball and socket variety of synovial joint. 

Bones involved in shoulder joint

1. Scapula
2. Humerus

Articular surface involved in shoulder joint

1. Glenoid cavity of scapula
2. Head of the humerus

Factors providing stability of shoulder joint 

1. Rotator cuff muscles 

2. Glenoid labrum

Movements of shoulder joint

1. Flexion
2. Extension
3. Adduction
4. Abduction 
5. Medial rotation
6. Lateral rotation
7. Circumduction (not a particular movement but rather it is a combination of all six movements)

Ligaments of shoulder joint

1. Capuslar ligament
2. Transverse humeral ligament
3. Coracohumeral ligament
4. Glenoidal labrum

Bursae present in shoulder joint

1. Subacromial bursae
2. Subscapularis bursae
3. Infraspinatus bursae

Relations

1. Superiorly

Coracoacromial arch, subacromial bursae, supraspinatus and deltoid muscle.

2. Inferiorly 

Long head of triceps brachii, axillary nerves and posterior circumflex humeral artery.

3. Anteriorly 

Subscapularis, coracobrachialis, short head of bicep brachii and deltoid muscles

4. Posteriorly

Infraspinatus, teres minor and deltoid muscles.

5. Within the joint

Long head of biceps brachii.


Blood supply 

1. Anterior and posterior humeral vessels.
2. Suprascapular vessels.
3. Subscapular vessels.


Nerve supply

1. Axillary nerve.
2. Musculocutaneous nerve.
3. Suprascapular nerve.


Main muscles producing movements of shoulder joint.

1. Flexion

a. Pectoralis major 
b. Anterior deltoid

2. Extention

a. Posterior deltoid
b. Lattisimus dorsi

3. Adduction

a. Pectoralis major
b. Lattisimus dorsi
c. Biceps brachii
d. Triceps brachii

4. Abduction 

From - 
a. 0° to 15° - Supraspinatus
b. 15° to 90° - Middle Deltoid
c. 90° to 180° - Serratus anterior and trapezius

5. Internal rotation

a. Pectoralis major
b. Anterior deltoid
c. Lattisimus dorsi
d. Teres major

6. External rotation 

a. Posterior deltoid
b. Infraspinatus
c. Teres minor

Clinical anatomy 

1. Frozen shoulder
2. Shoulder joint dislocatiom
3. Shoulder tip pain


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