Tuesday, January 25, 2022

Fibula bone.

It is the lateral and smaller bone of leg and is homologous with ulna of the upper limb.


ANATOMICAL POSITION

Upper end/head is slightly expanded in all directions. The lower end or lateral malleolus is expanded antero posteriorly and is flattened from side to side.

PARTS 

1. Upper end - 
- Articulate with lateral condyle of tibia.
- Have neck below the neck.

2. Shaft - 
- Three borders namely, anterior, posterior, interosseous.
- Three surfaces namely medial, lateral and posterior.

3. Lower end 
- Four surfaces namely, anterior, posterior, lateral and medial surface.

ATTACHMENTS 

a. Muscles 
Origin

1. Extensor digitorum longus.
2. Extensor hallucis longus.
3. Peroneus tertius.
4. Peronius longus.
5. Peronius brevis.
6. Soleus.
7. Flexor hallucis longus.
8. Tibialis posterior.

Insertion
1. Biceps femoris.

b. Ligaments

1. Fibular collateral ligament.
2. Capsular ligaments of superior  tibiofibular joint. 
3. Anterior intermuscular septum.
4. Superior extensor reticulum.
5. Superior peroneal retinaculum.
6. Posterior intermuscular septum.
7. Interosseous membrane. 
8. Interosseous tibiofibular ligament.
9. Anterior tibiofibular ligament.
10. Posterior tibiofibular ligament.
11. Anterior talo fibular ligament.
12. Inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament
13. Calcaneofibular ligament.
14. Posterior talo fibular ligament.

CAPSULE 
1. Capsule of ankle joint.

NOTE - Tendon of peroneus brevis and peronius longus.

CLINICAL ANATOMY 

- Fibula bone is used in bone grafting.
- Lateral malleolus and the ligaments attached to it are very important in maintaining stability of ankle joint.
- Upper and lower ends of fibula are subcutaneous and palpable.

Note - 
1. Spiral fracture of lateral malleolus in first degree of pott's fracture.
2. Fracture of medial malleolus in second degree of pott's fracture.
3. Posterior margin of lower end of tibia in third degree of pott's fracture.

- Forcible abduction and external rotation of foot causes a spiral fracture of lateral malleolus and then fracture of the medial malleolus.


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