Axillary nerve has C5 and C6 root value and it arises from posterior cord. It divides into two division in quadrangular space named, "posterior division and anterior division". Deltoid muscle is supplied through the branches of both division but posterior division only supply to teres minor muscles. There is third branch of axillary nerve too which supply the structures of shoulder joint. Further posterior division forms upper lateral cutaneous branch of arm and similiarly anterior division supplies to skin in the lower lateral part of deltoid muscles.
Clinical :-
1) Anterior division of axillary nerve wind up around the surgical neck of humerus and since anterior division supplies to deltoid muscle which is a main abductor of arm. So, in case there is fracture around surgical neck of humerus, abduction of the shoulder joint joint is not possible.
2) Posterior circumflex humeral artery runs along with anterior division of axillary artery.
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